 |
Preparation Checklist for an Emergency |
|
Preparation Checklist for an Emergency |
|
Be Informed Your key to surviving any emergency is to be prepared for it. You can lessen an emergency’s impact by knowing what to do before, during, and after one occurs. Although your community could be vulnerable to a variety of hazards, there are certain basic preparedness actions you can take now to help you in any emergency. * Learn to recognize the warning signals your local government uses. Make sure you know what the signals are, what they mean, how they will be used, and what you should do when you hear them. * Listen to local radio and television stations for forecasts and emergency instructions. Post the dial/channel listings of these stations for easy access. * Keep phone lines open to notify local authorities of occurring events (such as fires, flash floods, tornado sightings) or injuries or damage. Do not use the telephone to obtain emergency information. * Learn your children s school and/or day care center emergency plans. * Learn your work-site’s emergency plans. * Post all emergency plans/phone numbers in a prominent place (both at home and at the office). * Learn your community’s evacuation routes, as some hazards may force you to leave your home. This is especially important for those in low-lying areas where flood waters could make roads impassable. * Learn first aid. Professional medical assistance may not be immediately available. Develop a Family Plan Conduct family meetings at which hazards that may affect your community are discussed. Talk about what each family member should do in each of these emergencies. Put the plan in writing and see that everyone in the family has a copy. Working parents should carefully explain safety rules to their children. - Teach family members about smoke detectors and how to maintain them. Select a pre-designated place to meet outside if a sudden emergency like a fire forces you out of the house. Conduct evacuation drills periodically. - Conduct a hazard hunt in your home. Go from room to room and imagine what would happen to furniture, appliances, fixtures, and objects during disasters. Identify "safe" areas in each room such as in door ways or under sturdy tables in earthquakes, or interior bathrooms or closets on the lowest floor for tornadoes. Identify all potential exits for each room. Check for frayed electrical cords or overloaded circuits. Don’t keep rags or paper goods near electrical equipment or flammable materials. -Teach responsible family members how to turn off the water, gas, and electricity at main switches. - Decide on an alternate location at which to meet if an emergency happens while your family is away from the home and they cannot return. - Select someone outside your immediate area to act as a central point of contact for your relatives and friends who may try to call you following a disaster, as you may not have telephone service. As soon as some means of communication becomes available, get word of your situation to the contact person. STOCKPILE FOOD AND SUPPLIES An emergency could isolate you in your home for several days. Make sure you have on hand at least a five-day supply of food and water for each family member. Store water in sealed, unbreakable containers. Since refrigeration and cooking facilities may not be available, foods should be nonperishable goods such as canned or sealed-package items. Rotate foods into your regular pantry supplies and replace stored water every few months. Other items you may want to keep stocked in your home for emergency use: - Special medicines or foods required by members of your family, such as insulin, prescription medicines, baby food, or food required for special or limited diets. - A battery-powered radio and flashlight in working order and extra batteries for each. - A first aid kit and manual. Your local fire department, rescue squad, or local American Red Cross chapter can offer advice about items you should include in your kit. - Fire-fighting equipment to suppress small fires, including an all-purpose, 5-lb. fire extinguisher (rated A - B -C) . - Fuel heating device. But keep in mind that manufacturers’ instructions with such devices must be followed. Also, whenever fuel heating devices are used, there must be adequate ventilation to avoid build-up of hazardous fumes. Be Prepared to Evacuate Keep a listing of family members’ prescribed medications, giving generic names and prescribed dosage. Also list the name and telephone number of your doctor. For those who rely on medical devices such as a pacemaker, the style, serial number, and other pertinent information should be carried with you at all times. Keep vital family records, such as mortgage papers, medical records, insurance policies, birth certificates, marriage licenses, wills, stock and bond certificates. tax records, and other irreplaceable items in one central location where they can easily be transported if you must leave the area quickly. Keep all papers in a water-and fire-proof container. Since you may be advised to evacuate your home or workplace temporarily: - Keep your car fueled. - Listen to radio or television broadcasts for local emergency instructions and the latest information. - Follow the instructions and advice of your local government. If you are advised to evacuate, do so promptly. - Shut off your water, gas, or electricity before leaving home, if told to do so. - Use travel routes that are specified or recommended by local authorities, rather than trying to find short cuts of your own. This is especially important during flooding, when certain low-lying routes may become impassable. Once in a shelter or safer area, stay there until local authorities tell you it is safe to return home. CAR EMERGENCY KIT Cars should be equipped with supplies which could be useful in any emergency. After The Emergency Listen to local radio or television stations for continuing advisories on ways to help yourself and your community recover from the emergency. Information will be broadcast concerning where to get assistance. Other advice to follow after an emergency: - Use extreme caution when entering buildings that may have been damaged by the disaster. Buildings can collapse without warning. - Check for leaking gas pipes in your home. Do this by smell only—don’t use matches or candles. If you smell gas: (1) immediately open windows and doors; (2) turn off the main gas valve; (3) leave the house; (4) go to another location and notify the gas company or the police or fire department. Don’t re-enter the house until you are told it is safe to do so. - If any of your electrical appliances are wet, first turn off the main power switch in your house, then unplug the wet appliances. dry them out, and check for visible damage. If none, reconnect the appliances and turn on the main power switch. (CAUTION: Don’t do any of these things while you are wet or standing in water.) If fuses blow when power is restored, turn off the main power switch again and then inspect for short circuits in your home wiring, appliances, and equipment. Call your utility company for help. - Use only battery-powered lanterns or flashlights to examine your home for damage, as flammables may be inside. - Check food and water supplies before using them. Foods that require refrigeration may be spoiled if electric power has been off for some time. Don’t eat fresh food that has come in contact with flood waters. Be sure to follow the instructions of local authorities concerning the use of food and water supplies. - Check to see that sewage lines are intact before flushing toilets. - Report damaged water, sewage, and gas lines to the proper authorities. - If you must use your car, drive carefully along streets and avoid debris. Avoid loose, dangling, or broken wires, and report them to the local police or fire department. - Don’t visit the disaster area, as you may hamper rescue efforts. - Notify your insurance agent or broker if your property was damaged. Important Numbers Police EMERGENCY BROADCAST SYSTEM All residents should monitor their local EBS station for authoritative evacuation and shelter information. Evacuation Route Signs (shown below) are located on all parish as well as state roads which have been designated as major evacuation routes (see map on page 16). The smaller sign indicates the (EBS) radio station to monitor for the particular area of the state through which you are traveling. The EBS radio station will broadcast the latest weather reports, road conditions, and shelter location. In addition, information on what to bring, preevacuation measures, and reentry information (date, time, and locations) will be announced. As the storm gets closer to the risk area, information will be issued every two hours. NOAA WEATHER RADIO is the best means to receive warnings from the NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE The National Weather Service continuously broadcasts updated weather warnings and forecasts that can be received by NOAA Weather Radios, which are sold in many stores. The average range is 40 miles, depending on topography. Your National Weather Service recommends purchasing a radio that has both a batttery backup and a tone alert feature that automatically alerts you when a watch or warning is issued. GET TO KNOW YOUR EMERGENCY 911 SYSTEM WHEN SHOULD YOU DIAL 911? Emergency 911 is an emergency communication service. YOU SHOULD DIAL 911 TO REQUEST POLICE - FIRE -AMBULANCE ASSISTANCE For routine matters, such as police reports, civil or tax matters, contacting the jail and ticket costs, you should not use 911. In these instances you should call the sheriff's office administration line. For routine calls to other public agencies, use the local published numbers. What to know when calling: The most important thing to remember when calling 911 for help is to LISTEN and do what the dispatcher(s) ask you to do. After the necessary key information has been exchanged (usually in less than 30 seconds), they may ask you to stay on the line and assist in handling the emergency situation. Remember, trained dispatchers never ask questions that are unnecessary. Your job is to answer the questions to the best of your ability in plain English. If the dispatcher asks you to leave the phone to get information, DO NOT HANG UP. If you hang up, you could break your only link with the help you need. FOUR KEY QUESTIONS Appropriate response depends on you to relay the following minimal information through your dispatcher: + Patient problem or type of incident Is It Possible to Get Help from Emergency 911 if a caller is unable to speak or hear? Many Emergency Communications Systems have a feature called ALI (Automatic Location Identifier) and a TDD unit. ALI displays the address of each incoming call on the Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) dispatcher’s computer screen within seconds. Even if a caller cannot communicate verbally because of injury, panic, age, language barrier - even persons who can not hear or speak - will get help. ALI also saves critical minutes. Q: Is the information given to Emergency 911 protected by "privacy
rules"? EMERGENCY BROADCASTING SYSTEM All residents should monitor their local EBS station for authoritative evacuation and shelter information. Evacuation Route Signs are located on all parish as well as State roads which have been designated as major evacuation routes. The smaller sign indicates the EBS radio station to monitor for the particular area of the State through which you are traveling. The EBS radio station will broadcast the latest: * weather reports As the storm gets closer to the risk area, information will be issued every two hours. DESIGNATING A PLAN FOR FAMILY NOTIFICATION & COMMUNICATION When a disaster strikes your area it is easier to make a call out-of-state then to your relatives or friends across town. We recommend that you and your family or friends choose your OUT-OF-STATE CONTACT PHONE NUMBER THE RULES ARE SIMPLE AND EASY: Everyone in the family, wherever they are, must call that number to let the family know their condition, whereabouts and messages. THIS OUT-OF-STATE CONTACT PHONE NUMBER SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS YOUR COMMUNICATION LIFE-LINE. CHOOSE WISELY who that person will be. And teach everyone in the family that number. For those of you with infants or toddlers write the number visibly on what they are wearing. Also have a RE-GROUPING LOCATION picked out in the event that you are separated from one another. This is especially important for those families that have members working out-of-town, offshore or are service providers. DISASTER SUPPLIES KIT A major disaster such as a hurricane almost always causes a disruption in normal life. Services may not be available, transportation can be cut off and roads may be blocked, and in some cases, you may be forced to evacuate. Be ready to respond quickly to any situation by assembling and maintaining a Disaster Supplies Kit before disaster strikes. BASIC SUPPLIES • Six basic supplies. - Water • Container. Keep the items that you would most likely need during an evacuation in an easy-to-carry container. Possible containers include a large, covered trash container, a camping backpack, or a duffle bag. PREPARING A FOOD AND WATER EMERGENCY KIT Following a disaster, some people may not have access to food and water for days and perhaps even weeks. Taking steps to prepare and maintain a two week supply of provisions can prevent a difficult situation from becoming a life-threatening one. •Preparing a Kit. Access to water is necessary for survival. A person can live several days without food, but just a few days without water. Even though it is unlikely that an emergency would cut off access to food and water for two weeks, it is recommended that families prepare a food and water emergency kit that would last that long. WATER Store water in plastic containers such as soft drink bottles. Avoid using containers that will decompose or break, such as milk cartons or glass bottles. A normally active person needs to drink at least two quarts of water each day. Hot environments and intense physical activity can double that amount. Children, nursing mothers and ill people will need more. Store one gallon of water per person per day (two quarts for drinking, two quarts for food preparation/ sanitation). Keep at least a two week supply of water for each person in your household. •Preparing a Water Supply. - Stocking Water Reserves A two week supply of water should be stored for each family member. The needs of each person will differ depending upon ages physical condition, activity, diet and climate. A normally active person needs to drink at least two quarts of water daily. Children, nursing mothers and ill people need more. Additional water is necessary for food preparation and hygiene. At least one gallon per person per day should be stored. -Storing Water The container the water is stored in should be clean and sanitary. Plastic containers are good because they are lightweight and unbreakable. Metal containers should be considered as a last resort because they may corrode and they tend to give water an unpleasant taste. The EPA states that tap water stored in non-emergency times does not and should not require chlorine treatment. -Purifying Contaminated Water In addition to having a bad odor and taste, contaminated water can contain microorganisms that cause diseases such as dysentery, cholera, typhoid and hepatitis. All water of uncertain purity should be purified prior to use. To purify water, follow these steps: 1. Filter the water to remove as many solids as possible. Water: The Absolute Necessity Stocking water reserves and learning how to purify contaminated water should be among your top priorities in preparing for an emergency. You should store at least a two-week supply of water for each member of your family. Everyone’s needs will differ, depending on age, physical condition, activity, diet, and climate. A normally active person needs to drink at least two quarts of water each day. Hot environments can double that amount. Children, nursing mothers, and ill people will need more. You will need additional water for food preparation and hygiene.Store a total of at least one gallon per person, per day.If your supplies begin to run low, remember: Never ration water. Drink the amount you need today and try to find more for tomorrow. You can minimize the amount of water your body needs by reducing activity and staying cool. Three Ways to Purify Water Purification Tablets release chlorine or iodine. They are inexpensive and available at most sporting goods stores and some drugstores. Follow the package directions. Usually one tablet is enough for one quart of water. Double the dose for cloudy water. Boiling is the safest method of purifying water. Bring water to a rolling boil for 10 minutes, keeping in mind that some water will evaporate. Let the water cool before drinking. Boiled water will taste better if you put oxygen back into it by pouring it back and forth between two containers. This will also improve the taste of stored water. Chlorination uses liquid chlorine bleach to kill microorganisms. Add two drops of bleach per quart of water (four drops if the water is cloudy), stir and let stand for 30 minutes. If the water does not taste and smell of chlorine at that point, add another dose and let stand another 15 minutes. If your water supply is limited, try to avoid foods that are high in fat and protein and don’t stock salty foods, since they will make you thirsty. Try to eat salt-free crackers, whole grain cereals, and canned foods with high liquid content. If you do not have a dropper, use a spoon and a square-ended strip of paper or thin cloth about 1/4 inch by 2 inches. Put the strip in the spoon with an end hanging down about 1/2 inch below the scoop of the spoon. Place bleach in the spoon and carefully tip it. Drops the size of those from a medicine dropper will drip off the end of the strip. More Rigorous Purification Methods While the three methods described above will remove only microbes from water, the following two purification methods will remove other contaminants. Distillation will remove microbes, heavy metals, salts, most other chemicals, and radioactive dust and dirt, called radioactive fallout. Filtering will also remove radioactive fallout. (Water itself cannot become radioactive, but it can be contaminated by radioactive fallout. It is unsafe to drink water that contains radioactive fallout.) Distillation. Distillation involves boiling water and then collecting the vapor that condenses back to water. The condensed vapor will not include salt and other impurities. To distill, fill a pot halfway with water. Tie a cup to the handle on the pot’s lid so that the cup will hang right-side-up when the lid is upside-down. Put the lid on the pot upside down (make sure the cup is not dangling into the water), and boil the water for 20 minutes. The water that drips from the lid into the cup is distilled. Filtering. To make a fallout filter, punch holes in the bottom of a large bucket, and put a layer of gravel in the bucket about I-1/2 inches high. Cover the gravel with a towel cut in a circle slightly larger than the bucket. Cover the towel with six inches of clayish soil dug from at least four inches below ground level. Cover the soil with a towel. place the filter over a large container, and pour contaminated water through. Then, disinfect the filtered water using one of the methods described above. Change the soil in your filter after every 50 quarts of water. How to Store Emergency Water Supplies Store one gallon of water per person per day (two quarts for drinking, two quarts for food preparation/sanitation.) You can store your water in thoroughly washed plastic containers, glass, fiberglass, or enamel-lined metal containers. Never use a container that has held toxic substances because tiny amounts may remain in the container’s pores. Sound plastic containers, such as soft drink bottles, are best. You can also purchase foodgrade plastic buckets or drums. Before storing your water, treat it with a preservative; such as chlorine bleach, to prevent the growth of microorganisms. Use liquid bleach that contains 5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite and no soap. Some containers warn, "Not for Personal Use". You can disregard these warnings if the label states sodium hypochlorite is the only active ingredient and if you use only the small quantities in these instructions. Hidden Water Sources In Your Home Water beds hold up to 400 gallons, but some water beds contain toxic chemicals that are not fully removed by many purifiers. If you designate a water bed in your home as an emergency resource, drain it yearly and refill it with fresh water containing two ounces of bleach per 120 gallons. To use water in your pipes, let air in by turning on the highest faucet in your house and draining from the lowest one. To use water in your hot water tank, be sure the electricity or gas is turned off and open the drain at the bottom of the tank. Start the water flowing by turning off the water intake valve and turning on a hot water faucet. Do not turn on the gas or electricity when the tank is empty. Do you know the location of your incoming water valve? Shut it off to stop contaminated water from entering your home if reports of broken water or sewage lines. If you need to seek water outside your home, you can use these sources. But purify the water before drinking it. -Rainwater Avoid water with floating material, an odor, or dark color. Use salt water only if you distill it first EMERGENCY FOOD & WATER SUPPLIES Even though it is unlikely that an emergency would cut off your food supply for two weeks, you should prepare a supply that will last that long. A two-week stockpile is to increase the basic foods you normally keep on your shelves. Remember to compensate for the amount you eat from other sources (such as restaurants) during an average two-week period. You may already have a two-week supply of food on hand. Keeping it fresh is simple. Just rotate your supply once or twice a year. As you stock food, take into account your family’ s unique needs and tastes. Try to include foods that they will enjoy and that are also high in calories and nutrition. Foods that require no refrigeration, preparation, or cooking are best. Individuals with special diets and allergies will need particular attention, as will babies, toddlers, and the elderly. Nursing mothers may need liquid formula, in case they are unable to nurse. Canned dietetic foods, juices, and soups may be helpful for the ill or elderly. If activity is reduced, healthy people can survive on half their usual food intake for an extended period and without food for many days. Food, unlike water, may be rationed safely, except for children and pregnant women. You don’t need to go out and buy unfamiliar foods to prepare an emergency food supply. You can use the canned foods, dry mixes, and other staples on your cupboard shelves. In fact, familiar foods are important. They can lift morale and give a feeling of security in time of stress. Also, canned foods won’t require cooking, water, or special preparation. The following are recommended short-term and long-term food storage plans: Food supplies should include enough nonperishable, high energy foods to feed you and your family for up to three days. You may be stranded in your home for several days or local stores may run low on supplies; and don’t forget nonperishable foods for your pets. Also, if you go to a public shelter, it is helpful to take as much nonperishable food as you can carry. Make sure you have a can opener and disposable utensils. GENERAL TIPS • The kit should be assembled based on the idea of providing each family
member with at least one well balanced meal per day. • Preparing a Food Supply. If activity is reduced, healthy people can survive on half their usual food intake for an extended period. Food, unlike water, may be rationed safely, except for children and pregnant women. If the water supply is limited, avoid foods that are high in fat and protein. Salty foods should be avoided since they cause thirst. Salt-free crackers, whole grain cereals and canned foods with high liquid content are best. The canned foods, dry mixes and other staples on the cupboard shelves are a good start to preparing a food supply. Familiar foods are an important asset since they can lift morale and provide a feeling of security at times of stress. Canned Foods won’t require cooking, water or special preparation. If you use dry mixes or foods that need to have water added, you will need to store much more than one gallon of water per person per day. Storage tips: - Keep food in the driest and coolest spot in the house - a dark area
if possible. Store wheat, corn, and beans in sealed cans or plastic buckets. Buy powdered milk in nitrogen-packed cans, and leave salt and vitamin C in their original packages. Bulk quantities of wheat, corn, beans, and salt are inexpensive and have nearly unlimited shelf life. FOOD STORAGE TIPS During and after a disaster, the food people eat is particularly important. The increased stress levels and energy demands are best met by consuming food high in calories and protein. CHOOSING THE RIGHT FOODS • Questions to consider: -What foods are non-perishable and do not require cooking or refrigeration? • Food options to consider: Compressed food bars - They store well, are lightweight, taste
good and are nutritious and high in calories. Trail mix - Trail
mixes are a mixture of granola, nuts, seeds and dried fruits and are available
pre-packaged or can be assembled according to food preferences. • Food options to avoid: Commercially dehydrated foods - Commercially dehydrated foods
require a great deal of water for reconstitution and require extra effort
in the preparation. They also are inedible unless they are reconstituted. • Purchasing Foods. Most of the foods appropriate for an emergency kit are available at local supermarkets. Specialty food stores such as health food stores or food storage supply houses as well as sporting goods stores may have foods prepared especially for this purpose. ADDITIONAL FOOD STORAGE TIPS • Food should be kept in the driest and coolest spot in the house -
a dark area if possible Short -Term Food Supplies: - Powdered milk (boxed) Long -Term Food Supplies - Wheat Use within one year: - Canned condensed meat and vegetable soups Ways to Supplement Your Long -Term Stockpile The above staples offer a limited menu, but you can supplement them with commercially packed air-dried or freeze-dried foods and supermarket goods. Rice, popcorn and varieties of beans are nutritious and long-lasting. The more supplements you include, the more expensive your stockpile will be. Following is an easy approach to long-term food storage: 1) Buy a supply of the bulk staples listed above. If the Electricity Goes Off... First, use perishable food and foods from the refrigerator. Then use foods from the freezer. To minimize the number of times you open the freezer door, post a list of freezer contents on it. In a well-filled, well-insulated freezer, foods will usually still have ice crystals in their centers (meaning the foods are safe to eat) for at least three days. Finally, begin to use non-perishable foods and staples. Nutrition tips - Eat at least one well-balanced meal everyday. For emergency cooking, you can use a fireplace, a charcoal grill, or camp stove outdoors only. You can also heat food with candle warmers, chafing dishes, and fondue pots. Canned food can be eaten right out of the can. If you heat it in the can, be sure to open the can and remove the label first. Place paper or waxed packages in a watertight container; such as a larger plastic bag. This will keep them dry and make them easier to carry. Special Considerations to Keep in Mind As you stock food, take into account your family’s unique needs and tastes. Try to include foods that they will enjoy and that are also high in calories and nutrition. Foods that require no refrigeration, preparation or cooking are best. Individuals with special diets and allergies will need particular attention, as will babies, toddlers and the elderly. Nursing mothers may need liquid formula, in case they are unable to nurse. Canned dietetic foods, juices and soups may be helpful for the ill or elderly. Make sure you have a can opener and disposable utensils. And don’t forget non-perishable foods for your pets. More Food Storage Tips - Keep food in the driest and coolest spot in the house - a dark area
if possible. How to Store Your Short -Term Stockpile Keep canned foods in a dry place where the temperature is fairly cool—not above 70 degrees Farenheit and not below freezing. To protect boxed foods from pests and extend their shelf life, store the boxes in tightly closed cans or metal containers. Rotate your food supply. Use foods before they go bad, and replace them with fresh supplies dated with ink or marker. Place new items at the back of the storage area and older ones in front. Your emergency food supply should be of the highest quality possible.
Inspect your reserves periodically to make sure there are no broken seals
or dented containers. In an emergency, food can be cooked using a fireplace, or a charcoal grill or camp stove (outdoors only). Food can also be heated with candle warmers, chafing dishes and fondue pots. Canned foods can be eaten directly out of the can, although the can should be opened and the label removed before cooking. EMERGENCY SANITATION Following a major disaster, sanitation facilities may not be available if water and sewage lines have been disrupted. Because cleanliness is essential to maintaining good health, it is important to know how to improvise emergency sanitation facilities. A) Have emergency sanitation supplies on hand. -Medium-size plastic bucket with tight lid B) Building a make shift toilet. Line a medium-size plastic bucket with a garbage bag. (If the sewage lines are broken but the toilet bowl is usable, place the plastic garbage bag around bowl.) Make a toilet seat out of two boards placed parallel to each other across the bucked. An old toilet seat will also work. C) Sanitizing waste. After each use, pour a disinfectant such as bleach into the container to avoid infection and spreading of disease. D) Cover the container tightly when not in use. E) Disposing of waste. Bury garbage and human wastes in the ground to avoid the spread of disease by rats and insects. Dig a pit two to three feet deep and at least 50 feet from any well, spring or water supply. LOCAL REGULATIONS MAY PROHIBIT YOU FROM BURYING HUMAN WASTES. LISTEN TO THE RADIO FOR INSTRUCTIONS, OR CHECK: WITH YOUR LOCAL HEALTH DEPARTMENT. If the garbage cannot be buried immediately, strain the liquids into the emergency toilet, wrap the residue in several layers of newspapers and store it in a large can with a tight-fitting lid. After two or three days, place the can outside until it can be buried. F) Disinfectants. The best choice is a solution of one part liquid chlorine bleach to ten parts of water. Other commercial disinfectants include calcium hypochlorite which is available at swimming pool supply stores, portable toilet chemicals which are available through recreational vehicle supply stores and powdered chlorinated lime which is available at building supply stores. G) Keeping body clean. Keeping clean is essential to good health. Because water is so precious and should be reserved for drinking purposes, consider alternatives to water for cleansing the body. -Water Substitutes for Cleansing • Rubbing alcohol -Wet Wash Cloth -Make shift Shower
-Make shift Bathtub • Controlling rodents and insects. • Intestinal ailments. Consuming contaminated water and food can cause diarrhea, food poisoning and other intestinal diseases. Take steps to protect against these diseases. -Keep body and hands clean. |
