During the General Audience on 9 January the Holy Father delivered the following address.

1. Rereading and analysing the second narrative of creation, that is, the Yahwist text, we must ask ourselves if the first "man" ('adam), in his original solitude, really "lived" the world as a gift, with an attitude in conformity with the actual condition of one who has received a gift, as is seen from the narrative in the first chapter. The second narrative shows us man, in fact, in the garden of Eden (cf. Gen 2:8); but we must observe that, though in this situation of original happiness, the Creator himself (God Yahweh) and then also "man", instead of stressing the aspect of the world as a subjectively beatifying gift created for man (cf. the first narrative and in particular Gen 26:29), point out that man is "alone".

We have already analysed the meaning of original solitude. Now, however, it is necessary to note that there clearly appears for the first time a certain lack of good: "It is not good that man (male) should be alone"—God Yahweh says—"I will make him a helper…" (Gen 2:18). The first "man" says the same thing. He, too, after having become thoroughly aware of his own solitude among all living beings on earth, waits for a "a helper fit for him" (cf. Gen 2:20). In fact, none of these beings (animalia) offers man the basic conditions, which make it possible to exist in a relationship of mutual giving.

With and for some one

2. In this way, therefore, these two expressions, namely, the adjective "alone" and the noun "helper", seem to be really the key to understand the very essence of the gift at the level of man, as existential content contained in the truth of the "image of God". In fact the gift reveals, so to speak, a particular characteristic of personal existence, or rather, of the very essence of the person. When God Yahweh says that "it is not good that man should be alone" (Gen 2:18), he affirms that "alone", man does not completely realize this essence. He realizes it only by existing "with some one"—and even more deeply and completely: by existing "for some one ".

This norm of existence as a person is shown in the Book of Genesis as characteristic of creation, precisely by means of the meaning of these two words: "alone" and "helper". It is precisely these words which indicate as fundamental and constitutive for man both the relationship and the communion of persons. The communion of persons means existing in a mutual "for", in a relationship of mutual gift. And this relationship is precisely the fulfilment of "man" 's original solitude.

Effected by love

3. This fulfilment is, in its origin, beatifying. It is certainly implicit in man's original happiness, and constitutes precisely that happiness which belongs to the mystery of creation effected by love, which belongs to the very essence of creative giving.  When man - “the male”, awakening from the sleep of Genesis, sees man-"the female”, drawn from him, he says: "This at last is bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh" (Gen 2:23). These words express, in a way, the subjectively beatifying beginning of man's existence in the world. Since it took place at the "beginning", this confirms the process of individuation of man in the world, and springs, so to speak, from the very depths of his human solitude, which he lives as a person in presence of all other creatures and all living beings (animalia).

This "beginning" belongs, therefore, to an adequate anthropology and can always be verified on the basis of the latter. This purely anthropological verification brings us, at the same time, to the subject of the "person" and to the subject of the "body?sex". This simultaneousness is essential. If, in fact, we dealt with sex without the person, the whole adequacy of the anthropology, which we find in the Book of Genesis, would be destroyed. And for our theological study the essential light of the revelation of the body, which appears so fully in these first affirmations, would then be veiled.

Body expresses person

4. There is a deep connection between the mystery of creation, as a gift springing from Love, and that beatifying "beginning" of the existence of man as male and female, in the whole truth of their body and their sex, which is the pure and simple truth of communion between persons. When the first man exclaims, at the sight of the woman: "This is bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh" (Gen 2:23), he merely affirms the human identity of both. Exclaiming in this way, he seems to say: here is a body that expresses the "person"!

Following a preceding passage of the Yahwist text, it can also be said that this "body" reveals the "living soul", such as man became when God Yahweh breathed life into him (cf. Gen 2:7), as a result of which there began his solitude before all other living beings. Precisely by traversing the depth of that original solitude, man now emerges in the dimension of the mutual gift, the expression of which—and for that very reason the expression of his existence as a person—is the human body in all the original truth of its masculinity and femininity.

The body, which expresses femininity, manifests the reciprocity and communion of persons. It expresses it by means of the gift as the fundamental characteristic of personal existence. This is the body: a witness to creation as a fundamental gift, and so a witness to Love as the source from which this same giving springs. Masculinity-femininity—namely, sex—is the original sign of a creative donation and of an awareness on the part of man, male-female, of a gift lived so to speak in an original way. Such is the meaning with which sex enters the theology of the body.

Called “nuptial”

5. That beatifying "beginning" of man's being and existing, as male and female, is connected with the revelation and discovery of the meaning of the body, which can be called "nuptial". If we speak of revelation and at the same time of discovery, we do so in relation to the specificness of the Yahwist text, in which the theological thread is also anthropological, appearing, in fact, as a certain reality consciously lived by man.

We have already observed that the words which express the first joy of man's coming to existence as "male and female" (Gen 2:23), are followed by the verse which establishes their conjugal unity (Gen 2:24), and then by the one which testifies to the nakedness of both, without mutual shame (Gen 2:25). Precisely this significant confrontation enables us to speak of the revelation and at the same time the discovery of the "nuptial" meaning of the body in the very mystery of creation.

This meaning (inasmuch as it is revealed and also conscious, "lived" by man) confirms completely that the creative giving, which springs from Love, has reached the original consciousness of man, becoming an experience of mutual giving, as can already be seen in the archaic text. That nakedness of both progenitors, free from shame, seems also to bear witness to that—perhaps even specifically.

Blessing of fertility

6. Genesis 2:24 speaks of the finality of man's masculinity and femininity, in the life of the spouses-parents. Uniting with each other so closely as to become "one flesh", they will subject, in a way, their humanity to the blessing of fertility, namely, "procreation", of which the first narrative speaks (Gen 1:28). Man comes “into being” with consciousness of this finality of his own masculinity-femininity, that is, of his own sexuality. At the same time, the words of Genesis 2:25: "they were both naked, and were not ashamed", seem to add to this fundamental truth of the meaning of the human body, of its masculinity and femininity, another no less essential and fundamental truth. Man, aware of the procreative capacity of his body and of his sexuality, is at the same time free from the "constraint" of his own body and sex.

That original nakedness, mutual, and at the same time not weighed down by shame, expresses this interior freedom of man. Is this what freedom from the "sexual instinct" is? The concept of "instinct" already implies an interior constraint, similar to the instinct that stimulates fertility and procreation in the whole world of living beings (animalia). It seems, however, that both texts of the Book of Genesis, the first and the second narrative of the creation of man, connected sufficiently the perspective of procreation with the fundamental characteristic of human existence in the personal sense. Consequently the analogy of the human body and of sex in relation to the world of animals—which we can call analogy "of nature"—is also raised, in a way, in both narratives (though in a different way in each), to the level of "image of God", and to the level of the person and communion between persons.

It will be necessary to dedicate other further analyses to this essential problem. For the conscience of man—also for modern man—it is important to know that in those biblical texts which speak of the "beginning" of man, there is found the revelation of the "nuptial meaning of the body". But it is even more important to establish what this meaning expresses precisely.